Study the flow of heat during chemical reactions and physical changes, and how energy determines reaction behavior.
Understand the properties of solids, liquids, and gases — and how particle arrangement defines each state.
Learn More →Explore how gases behave under changing pressure, temperature, and volume using gas laws.
Learn More →Learn how matter transitions between states and how energy is involved in melting, boiling, and condensing.
Learn More →Study how the enthalpy change of a reaction relates to bond breaking and formation.
Learn More →Learn how much energy is needed to break chemical bonds and how this affects reaction energetics.
Learn More →Visualize energy changes in reactions and use Hess’s Law to calculate enthalpy changes from multiple steps.
Learn More →Explore heat changes in everyday processes like combustion, neutralization, and dissolution.
Learn More →Learn how to predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously using energy and entropy changes.
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