Mechanics

Understand quantities with both magnitude and direction, and learn to represent and resolve vectors.

Study the equations of motion for constant acceleration in one and two dimensions.

Study the distance-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs.

Explore Newton’s three laws and how they govern all motion in classical mechanics.

Learn about contact and field forces, and how friction affects motion.

Study how objects move in circular paths under the influence of centripetal forces.

Understand the net inward force that keeps an object moving in a circle.

Learn how torques cause rotation and how balance is achieved in static systems.

Explore the point where mass is balanced and motion can be analyzed for complex objects.

Understand how elastic forces relate to stretch or compression in springs and materials.

Study oscillatory systems like springs and pendulums, and their motion over time.

Understand what energy is, its forms, and how it’s conserved across processes.

Explore mechanical, thermal, chemical, and other forms of energy in physical systems.

Learn about renewable and non-renewable sources that power the physical world.

Understand how force and displacement result in work and how energy is stored and transferred.

Learn how quickly energy is transferred and how efficiently systems convert energy.

Study linear momentum and how it is conserved in isolated systems.

Learn the difference between collisions that conserve kinetic energy and those that don’t.

Distinguish between mass and weight and understand how gravity influences force on Earth.

Learn Newton’s law that describes gravitational attraction between any two masses.

Explore how objects accelerate when falling under Earth’s gravity, with or without air resistance.

Understand how objects store energy due to their position in a gravitational field, both near Earth and in space.

Explore how satellites and planets move in stable orbits under the influence of gravity and centripetal force.

Understand how force is transmitted through fluids and how pressure works in depth.

Study how objects float or sink depending on fluid displacement and weight.

Learn how fluid speed relates to pressure in flowing systems like pipes and wings.